We show that every language in NP has a (black-box) concurrent zero-knowledge proof system using ˜O(log n) rounds of interaction. The number of rounds in our protocol is optimal,...
Abstract. We present a lower bound on the number of rounds required by Concurrent Zero-Knowledge proofs for languages in NP. It is shown that in the context of Concurrent Zero-Know...
The number of communication rounds is a classic complexity measure for protocols; reducing round complexity is a major goal in protocol design. However, when the communication time...
In this paper, we continue the study the round complexity of black-box zero knowledge in the bare public-key (BPK, for short) model previously started by Micali and Reyzin in [11]....
Goldreich-Krawczyk (Siam J of Comp’96) showed that only languages in BPP have constant-round public-coin black-box zero-knowledge protocols. We extend their lower bound to “ful...