- With the development of e-commerce, choosing a proper electronic payment method has become more and more important. Competing with other payment methods on the Internet, electron...
A fair network payment protocol plays an important role in electronic commerce. The fairness concept in payments can be illustrated as that two parties (e.g. customers and merchant...
An electronic cash (e-cash) scheme lets a user withdraw money from a bank and then spend it anonymously. E-cash can be used only if it can be securely and fairly exchanged for ele...
Anonymous electronic cash systems can be vulnerable to criminal abuse. Two approaches were suggested for solving this problem. In an escrowed cash system users are given anonymity ...
The security of smart card based electronic cash have been receiving significant attention recently. However, there has been little systematic analysis or quantification of the imp...