In their cooperative effort, architects depend critically on elaborate coordinative practices and artifacts. The article presents, on the basis of an in-depth study of architectura...
Enterprise architecture (EA) describes the fundamental structure of an organization from business to IT. EA as a practice as well as a research topic has been around for several ye...
Actors coordinate their cooperative efforts by acting on the evidence of work previously accomplished. The paper introduces, on the basis of a field study, the concept of stigmerg...
Parametric design systems model a design as a constrained collection of schemata. Designers work in such systems at two levels: definition of schemata and constraints; and search w...
Students often turn to their peers for help in order to learn a new concept or lesson introduced by a teacher in class. This establishes roles of tutor and learner between student...