In this paper we analyze the statistical distribution of the keystream generator used by the stream ciphers RC4 and RC4A. Our first result is the discovery of statistical biases o...
Abstract. RC4, a stream cipher designed by Rivest for RSA Data Security Inc., has found several commercial applications, but little public analysis has been done to date. In this p...
The RC4 stream cipher is the most widely used software based stream cipher. It is based on a secret internal state of N = 256 bytes and two pointers. This paper proposes an efficie...
RC4 was designed in 1987 when 8-bit and 16-bit processors were commercially available. Today, most processors use 32-bit or 64bit words but using original RC4 with 32/64 bits is in...
Guang Gong, Kishan Chand Gupta, Martin Hell, Yassi...
In this paper we revisit a known but ignored weakness of the RC4 keystream generator, where secret state info leaks to the generated keystream, and show that this leakage, also kno...