It is a well-known result of Fagin that the complexity class NP coincides with the class of problems expressible in existential second-order logic ( 1 1), which allows sentences c...
We expose a strict hierarchy within monotone monadic strict NP without inequalities (MMSNP), based on the number of second-order monadic quantifiers. We do this by studying a fin...
The descriptive complexity of a problem is the complexity of describing the problem in some logical formalism. One of the few techniques for proving separation results in descripti...
In 1974 R. Fagin proved that properties of structures which are in NP are exactly the same as those expressible by existential second order sentences, that is sentences of the form...
The model-checking problem for a logic L on a class C of structures asks whether a given L-sentence holds in a given structure in C. In this paper, we give super-exponential lower...