Biological organisms employ various mechanisms to cope with the dynamic environments they live in. One recent research reported that depending on the rates of environmental variati...
This paper investigates fitness sharing in genetic programming. Implicit fitness sharing is applied to populations of programs. Three treatments are compared: raw fitness, pure fi...
This paper presents an abstract computation model of the evolution of camouflage in nature. The 2d model uses evolved textures for prey, a background texture representing the envi...
Evolution by natural selection is a process of variation and selection acting on replicating units. These units are often assumed to be individuals, but in a sexual population, the...
In earlier work we predicted program size would grow in the limit at a quadratic rate and up to fty generations we measured bloat O(generations1:2;1:5). On two simple benchmarks w...