Positive and Negative Expectations and the Deontic Nature of Social Conventions

The general goal of the paper is to show the normative/deontic nature of conventions. Conventions are traditionally defined as regularity of behavior based on expectations evolved to solve coordination problems [14]. The thesis we defend is that the cognitive attitude of expectations is not only characterized by an anticipatory representation (belief) of a future state of affairs but is coupled with a motivational component (a goal on this state). The possible convergence between beliefs and corresponding goals allows the identification of positive and negative expectations. We argue that in positive expectations (differently from the negative ones) lies implicitly an influencing act aimed at prescribing that the expected event will be realized. We consider conventions as analyzed in Game Theory as regularity of behavior based on positive expectations. These conventions entail the deontic component of prescription. Each agent prescribes (and is subject to prescription) conformity to t...

• Type: Conference
• Year: 2003
• Where: ICAIL
• Authors: Cristiano Castelfranchi, Luca Tummolini
• Keywords: Deontic Component, ICAIL 2003, Negative Expectations, Positive Expectations