Real-time Volumetric Haptic and Visual Burrhole Simulation

This paper describes real-time volumetric haptic and visual algorithms developed to simulate burrhole creation for a Virtual Realitybased craniotomy surgical simulator. A modified Voxmap pointshell algorithm [4, 7] is created to simulate haptic interactions between bone cutting tools and voxel-based bone. New surface boundary detection and force feedback calculation methods help reduce “force discontinuities” of the original Voxmap point-shell algorithm. To maintain stable haptic update rates, new forces are calculated outside the haptics rendering loop. A multi-rate haptic solution [2] is used to introduce calculated forces into the haptics loop and to interpolate forces between updates. A bone erosion method is also created to simulate bone drilling capabilities of different tools. 3D texture-based volume rendering is used to display the bone and to visually remove bone material due to drilling in real-time. Volumetric shading is computed by the GPU of the video card. The algor...

• Type: Conference
• Year: 2007
• Where: VR
• Authors: Eric Acosta, Alan Liu
• Keywords: Bone, Bone Cutting Tools, Stable Haptic Update, Virtual Reality, VR 2007