: A relatively new meta-heuristic, known as extremal optimisation (EO), is based on the evolutionary science notion that poorly performing genes of an individual are replaced by ra...
Mutation in HIV-1 is extremely rapid, a consequence of a low-fidelity viral reverse transcription process. The envelope gene has been shown to accumulate substitutions at a rate o...
Abstract. A formal, representation-independent form of a memetic algorithm-a genetic algorithm incorporating local search--is introduced. A generalisedform of N-point crossover is ...
Given a connected, undirected graph G with labeled edges, the minimum-label spanning tree problem seeks a spanning tree on G to whose edges are attached the smallest possible numb...
A number of different concepts have been proposed that, loosely speaking, revolve around the notion of software testability. Indeed, the concept of testability itself has been int...