A robust data hiding scheme that embeds the watermark bits by quantizing the gradient directions of an image is proposed. By embedding the watermark in the angle, the watermark be...
This paper presents two vector watermarking schemes that are based on the use of complex and quaternion Fourier transforms and demonstrates, for the first time, how to embed waterm...
Tsz Kin Tsui, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Dimitrios Androutso...
Digital watermarking embeds a structure called watermark into the target data, such as image and 3D polygonal models. The watermark can be used, for example, to enforce copyright ...
Generally, low frequency domain may be useful to embed a watermark in an image. However, if a watermark is embedded into low frequency components, blocking effects may occur in the...
The distribution of the wavelet coefficients in 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) subspaces can be well described by a Gaussian mixture statistical model. In this paper, a secr...