Late changes in silicon design (ECO) is a common although undesired practice. The need for ECO exists even in high-level design flows since bugs may occur in the specifications, ...
In a later stage of a VLSI design, it is quite often to modify a design implementation to accommodate the new specification, design errors, or to meet design constraints. In addit...
Background -: The availability of multiple whole genome sequences has facilitated in silico identification of fixed and polymorphic transposable elements (TE). Whereas polymorphic...
Metal-only ECO realizes the last-minute design changes by revising the photomasks of metal layers only. This task is challenging because the pre-injected spare cells are limited b...