In this paper, we analyze the cyber security of state estimators in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems operating in power grids. Safe and reliable operation o...
It is now apparent that our nation’s infrastructures and essential utilities have been optimized for reliability in benign operating environments. As such, they are susceptible ...
Critical infrastructures display many of the characteristic properties of complex systems. They exhibit infrequent large failures events that often obey a power law distribution i...
Benjamin A. Carreras, David E. Newman, Paul Gradne...
Motivation – Investigations of large-scale outages in the North American interconnected electric system often attribute the causes to three T’s: Trees, Training and Tools. To ...
Frank L. Greitzer, Robin Podmore, Marck Robinson, ...
It is apparent that perturbations of the North American electric power grid follow the patterns and characteristics of Self Organized Critical (SOC) systems. Published studies sho...