Coppersmith, Franklin, Patarin, and Reiter show that given two RSA cryptograms xe mod N and (ax + b)e mod N for known constants a, b ∈ ZN , one can compute x in O(e log2 e) ZN -o...
Definition of security under the framework of Environmental Security (a.k.a Network-Aware Security or Universally Composable Security) typically requires “extractability” of t...
Encryption of data using multiple, independent encryption schemes (“multiple encryption”) has been suggested in a variety of contexts, and can be used, for example, to protect ...
We present the first cryptographically sound security proof of the well-known Otway-Rees protocol. More precisely, we show that the protocol is secure against arbitrary active att...
Symmetric encryption schemes are usually formalized so as to make the encryption operation a probabilistic or state-dependent function E of the message M and the key K: the user su...