This paper presents a genetic algorithmic approach to the shortest path (SP) routing problem. Variable-length chromosomes (strings) and their genes (parameters) have been used for ...
Genetic algorithms—a class of stochastic population-based optimization techniques—have been widely realized as the effective tools to solve complicated optimization problems ...
Background: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of watermarks based on DNA sequences to identify the unauthorized use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ...
In genetic programming, the reproductive operators of crossover and mutation both require the selection of nodes from the reproducing individuals. Both unbiased random selection a...