A fitness function is needed for a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to work, and it appears natural that the combination of objectives and constraints into a single scalar function using ar...
Face recognition using 3D information has been intensively investigated in recent years. The features selected from 3D facial surfaces are invariant to pose and lighting condition...
Overfitting is a fundamental problem of most machine learning techniques, including genetic programming (GP). Canary functions have been introduced in the literature as a concept ...
Forecasting exchange rates is an important financial problem that is receiving increasing attention especially because of its difficulty and practical applications. This paper prop...
Artificial Immune System algorithms use antibodies which fully specify the solution of an optimization, learning, or pattern recognition problem. By being restricted to fully spec...