— Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) based systems are expected to facilitate the same services as third generation WCDMA systems. This goal is achieved through phys...
Abstract— In label-switched networks such as MPLS, protection routing involves computing and setting up the backup paths at the same time when the primary paths are routed. It ha...
Network congestion occurs when offered traffic load exceeds available capacity at any point in a network. In wireless sensor networks, congestion causes overall channel quality t...
Recently, the low price and the small size of the mobile device makes a great success in personal mobile communication. A lot of people use a cell phone, PDA, and laptop computer ...
Abstract—Routing with service restorability is of much importance in Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) networks, and is a necessity in optical networks. For restoration, each ...