It is challenging to test applications and functions for which the correct output for arbitrary input cannot be known in advance, e.g. some computational science or machine learni...
The Java Security Model has undergone considerable evolution since its initial implementation. However, due to its historical focus on securing machines against attack from hostil...
Probabilistic B (pB) [2, 8] extends classical B [7] to incorporate probabilistic updates together with the specification of quantitative safety properties. As for classical B, prob...
Popular mobile code architectures (Java and .NET) include verifiers to check for memory safety and other security properties. Since their formats are relatively high level, suppor...
Abstract--Formal methods are very useful in software industry and are becoming of paramount importance in practical engineering techniques. They involve the design and the modeling...