Complex and long-lived software need to be upgraded at runtime. Replacing a software component with a newer version is the basic evolution operation that has to be supported. It i...
Software architecture is an important form of abstraction, representing the overall system structure and the relationship among components. When software is modified from one ver...
A calculus is presented for the stepwise refinement of abstract information flow architectures. We give a mathematical model for information flow components based on relations bet...
Recently, more attention is paid to the researches and practices on how to use software architecture in software maintenance and evolution to reduce their complexity and cost. The ...
Universities and Institutions these days’ deals with issues related to with assessment of large number of students. Various evaluation methods have been adopted by examiners in ...
Ahmed Barnawi, Abdurrahman H. Al-Talhi, M. Rizwan ...