: Since we are limited in our knowledge of human demographic history and variations of recombination and mutation rates, large-scale computer simulation is a necessary tool in gene...
—Software clustering is a method for increasing software system understanding and maintenance. Software designers, first use MDG graph to model the structure of software system. ...
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are stochastic search methods that mimic the natural biological evolution and/or the social behavior of species. Such algorithms have been developed ...
Memetic algorithms are evolutionary algorithms incorporating local search to increase exploitation. This hybridization has been fruitful in countless applications. However, theory...
A wide range of niching techniques have been investigated in evolutionary and genetic algorithms. In this article, we focus on niching using crowding techniques in the context of ...