We give an alternative proof of the fact that a planar function cannot exist on groups of even order. The argument involved leads us to define a class of functions which we
For an arbitrary subset P of the reals, we define a function f: V P to be a Pdominating function of graph G = (V, E) if the sum of the function values over any
We give a decomposition theorem for signed graphs whose frame matroids are binary and a decomposition theorem for signed graphs whose frame matroids are quaternary.