The nDCG measure has proven to be a popular measure of retrieval effectiveness utilizing graded relevance judgments. However, a number of different instantiations of nDCG exist, d...
With the increase of automated teller machine (ATM) frauds, new authentication mechanisms are developed to overcome security problems of personal identification numbers (PIN). Th...
Alexander De Luca, Marc Langheinrich, Heinrich Hus...
Recent years have seen significant advances in dynamic software updating (DSU) systems, which allow programs to be patched on the fly. However, a significant challenge remains: Ho...
Christopher M. Hayden, Eric A. Hardisty, Michael W...
The Web Services Resource Framework (WS-RF) and the Web Services Notification (WS-N) specifications are a crucial component of Grid infrastructures. They provide a standardized int...
Online (Web-based) examination is an effective solution for mass education evaluation. However, due to the incomplete of network security, students can communicate with each other...